Protecting Your Loved Ones: Essential Insights into Fifth Disease from Westfield's Health Experts

The Westfield Health Department is issuing an important health bulletin to help residents understand and protect their families from Fifth Disease, also known as Erythema Infectiosum. While often a mild illness, especially in children, it poses specific risks for certain vulnerable populations, making awareness and preventive measures crucial.

Fifth Disease is caused by the Parvovirus B19 and typically begins with mild, non-specific symptoms such as a low-grade fever, headache, and a runny nose.

These initial symptoms are often followed by the characteristic bright red rash on the cheeks, giving the appearance of 'slapped cheeks.' A few days later, a lacy, itchy rash may appear on the arms, legs, and trunk. It's important to note that individuals are most contagious before the rash appears, making early detection and prevention challenging.

While most healthy children and adults recover without complications, Fifth Disease can be particularly concerning for two groups: pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems.

For pregnant women, contracting Parvovirus B19, especially in the first half of pregnancy, can lead to severe anemia in the unborn baby, and in some cases, hydrops fetalis or even fetal loss. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, or those with certain chronic conditions, may experience more severe or persistent anemia.

The virus spreads primarily through respiratory secretions when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

It's also possible to spread it through contact with blood. Because there is no vaccine for Fifth Disease, prevention relies heavily on good hygiene practices. The Westfield Health Department strongly recommends frequent and thorough hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or being in public places.

Residents should also make an effort to avoid touching their eyes, nose, and mouth, and to cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or into their elbow.

If you or a family member suspects they have Fifth Disease, especially if you are pregnant or have a compromised immune system, it is vital to contact your healthcare provider immediately for guidance and testing. While the rash phase indicates the person is no longer contagious, understanding the risks and practicing diligent prevention can help keep our community safe and healthy.