The likelihood of quark matter cores in massive neutron stars

Within the depths of massive neutron stars lies an realm where matter defies conventional understanding. An led by researchers from the University of Helsinki has ventured into this cosmic domain, seeking answers to the fundamental question of neutron star cores possibly hosting quark matter. Neutron stars, remnants of massive stellar explosions, captivate astrophysicists due to their unparalleled densities.

Compressed within spheres of merely 25 kilometers in diameter, these astrophysical behemoths contain as much as two solar masses of matter. Their cores, subjected to unfathomable pressures, redefine the boundaries of our known universe. The quest for understanding delves into uncharted territories of particle and nuclear physics.

Can the immense pressure within neutron stars transform matter into an exotic phase known as cold Here, individual protons and neutrons relinquish their conventional forms, liberating their constituent quarks and gluons into an almost free moving state. The groundbreaking quantitative estimate Published in the team's research presents a pivotal quantitative estimate.

Based on current astrophysical observations, an astounding 80 90% likelihood emerges, suggesting the presence of quark matter cores within the most massive neutron stars. However, a slight possibility remains, relying on a drastic phase transition from nuclear to quark matter. The study highlights a critical aspect: the potential destabilization caused by a rapid phase transition.

This dramatic change in neutron star matter properties could lead to catastrophic consequences, potentially causing a star to collapse into a black hole, even with the formation of a minuscule quark matter core. Harnessing the prowess of advanced computational methods, the research conducted extensive supercomputer calculations.

Utilizing Bayesian inference, a statistical approach comparing model parameters with observational data, the team delved deeper into the inner workings of neutron star matter. Lead author Dr. Joonas Nättilä emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this groundbreaking research. Astrophysics, particle physics, nuclear physics, and computer science converged in this effort, showcasing the collaborative spirit driving modern astrophysical discoveries.

Nättilä emphasizes the pivotal role of new neutron star observations in refining our understanding of these cosmic giants. Each observation adds precision to the deductions about the mysterious properties of neutron star matter. PhD student Joonas Hirvonen underscores the monumental contribution of high performance computing, acknowledging the millions of CPU hours dedicated to aligning theoretical predictions with observational data.

This pioneering study not only tantalizes the prospect of quark matter within neutron star cores but also exemplifies the collaborative synergy and technological advancements propelling humanity's cosmic explorations. As the boundaries of astrophysics expand, the secrets hidden within these celestial giants inch closer to revelation..