Kerala on High Alert: New Case of Rare and Fatal Amoebic Encephalitis Reported in Kozhikode

Kerala is once again facing a grave public health concern as a new case of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare and often fatal brain infection, has been reported from Kozhikode. This critical development highlights the persistent threat posed by what is commonly referred to as the "brain-eating amoeba."

The latest patient is a 15-year-old boy from Vatakara, Kozhikode, who is currently in a critical condition.

He has been admitted to the SAT Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, receiving intensive medical care as health authorities race against time to combat this devastating disease. The boy's medical journey began at the Government Medical College Hospital, Kozhikode, before he was transferred to the specialized facility in the state capital.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is caused by the microscopic amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, which typically thrives in warm fresh water bodies like lakes, rivers, ponds, and hot springs.

The infection usually occurs when contaminated water enters the body through the nose, allowing the amoeba to travel to the brain. It is crucial to note that the infection is not spread by drinking contaminated water and cannot be passed from person to person.

This isn't an isolated incident for Kerala.

The state has unfortunately recorded several cases of PAM in recent years, underscoring the need for heightened vigilance. Previous instances include cases in Malappuram in 2023, and earlier in Alappuzha, Thrissur, and Kozhikode itself. These recurring cases emphasize the importance of understanding and mitigating the risks associated with fresh water exposure, especially during warmer seasons when the amoeba is most active.

Symptoms of PAM typically appear within one to nine days after exposure and can progress rapidly.

Initial signs include severe headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting. As the infection advances, patients may experience a stiff neck, confusion, lack of attention to people and surroundings, loss of balance, seizures, and hallucinations. Given its rapid progression and high fatality rate, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are paramount, though treatment options remain limited and often unsuccessful.

Public health officials are reiterating crucial advisories to prevent further infections.

Residents are strongly urged to avoid swimming, bathing, or engaging in other water-related activities in unchlorinated fresh water bodies, particularly ponds, canals, and stagnant water sources suspected of contamination. Using only clean, treated, or chlorinated water for bathing and personal hygiene is essential.

Children, in particular, should be supervised closely when near such water sources.

As the state grapples with this serious health threat, public awareness and adherence to preventive measures are vital. Staying informed and exercising caution around fresh water environments can significantly reduce the risk of contracting this rare but deadly infection, protecting communities and ensuring public safety.